Appendix 1

HOW TO EARN THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

1. SHOW THE RIGHT MERITS

As long as the Norwegian Nobel committee continues to ignore what Nobel had in mind, almost any great deed can win the award. But the expression Nobel used in the 1895 will was not ''peace,'' but rather
''champions of peace,'' clearly a reference to the political movement challenging the military and violence as a tool in international politics.
Two fundamental and diametrically opposed roads can be taken to achieve national security. The champions of peace Nobel wished to support financially are those who seek to end the vicious circle of armaments and war by a deep reform of the international system and the way nations relate to each other; that is, by developing international law, cooperation, and justice, creating sufficient mutual trust to make general and complete disarmament possible.
The Nobel will of 1895 contains six criteria to help us understand who Nobel had in mind as the most deserving and legitimate recipients. First, Nobel used two general expressions that apply to all five Nobel prizes:

during the expired year
has conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.

Then, he used four particular expressions regarding the Peace Prize:

the champions of peace
the confraternization of nations
the abolition or reduction of standing armies
the holding and promotion of peace congresses

192 APPENDIX 1

Nobel wished the prize to benefit further work for the cause of peace and the winner should be able to make practical use of the prize money in the political work for peace and disarmament. The purpose of the Nobel Peace Prize in the 21st century may be expressed as giving support to and honoring proactive efforts to prevent war. Here are some examples of relevant efforts:

• Abolishing or reducing military forces, both equipment and troops, military research and development; banning types of weapons, ways of using them, or particular military strategies.
• Promoting a new and peaceful international order based on law, global order, and democracy in the form of treaties and law enforcement at the international level; spreading global justice, respect, and solidarity among nations.
• Promoting alternatives to the use of military power and threats, such as mandatory arbitration, systematic prevention, and early discovery of conflicts, and their nonviolent resolution.
• Organizing peace congresses and other initiatives to win broad international support for treaties on peace and disarmament.
• Developing a peace culture, creating a new understanding and consciousness through upbringing and education for peace within all parts of the education system and media.

The Nobel Peace Prize was not designed for the following:

• Ending hostilities and caring for the victims, reparative measures. Nobel wanted deep change of the war system and wished to reward work to prevent wars from breaking out.
• Resolving local or national problems or conflicts. Nobel's perspective was global, and winners should have worked actively and with determination—thinking, writing, organizing, or similar—for peace through disarmament in the political, educational, and cultural arenas.

2. RECEIVE A NOMINATION

The bylaws restrict those entitled to nominate. Any one of the following people—from any country in the world—may submit proposals:

• Members of national assemblies and governments
• Members of international courts of law
• University chancellors; university professors of social science, history, philosophy, law, and theology
• Leaders of peace research institutes and institutes of foreign affairs
• Former Nobel Peace Prize laureates
• Board members of organizations that have received the Nobel Peace
Prize
• Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel committee
• Former advisers at the Norwegian Nobel Institute

People cannot nominate themselves. This is practiced as a (questionable) prohibition against (board) members nominating organizations to which they belong.
A valid nomination normally will be confirmed by the committee secretariat within April. If a valid nomination has not been acknowledged, check with the Nobel committee.

3. ENSURE THE NOMINATION IS SUBMITTED IN TIME

The deadline for nominations is February 1. Nominations after this deadline will be considered as nominations for next year—unless adopted by someone in the committee. (Members of the Nobel committee are entitled to submit their own nominations as late as at the first meeting of the committee after the expiry of the deadline.)
Nomination letters, with curriculum vitae and relevant documentation, should be addressed to the Norwegian Nobel committee, Henrik Ibsens gt. 51, N-0255 Oslo, Norway (letters must be postmarked no later than February 1), or submitted by e-mail to postmaster@nobel.no.